How to add custom module in Magento backend

Step 1: Declare your shell module and it’s code pool

Create an xml file /app/etc/modules/Company_Web.xml (You can use any name, even you can use a single file to declare number of modules).

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config>
    <modules>
        <Company_Web>
            <active>true</active>
            <codePool>local</codePool>
        </Company_Web>
    </modules>
</config>


Step 2:
Create the basic directory structure under /app/code/core/local/ :-

Company/
|–Web/
| |–Block/
| |–controllers/
| |–etc/
| |–Helper/
| |–sql/
|
Step 3:
Write the front controller in app\code\local\Company\Web\controllers\IndexController.php

<?php
class Company_Web_IndexController extends Mage_Core_Controller_Front_Action
{
    public function indexAction()
    {
  $this->loadLayout();     
  $this->renderLayout();
    }
}


Step 4:
Write your backend module controller in app\code\local\Company\Web\controllers\Adminhtml\WebController.php

<<?php

class Company_Web_Adminhtml_WebController extends Mage_Adminhtml_Controller_action
{

 protected function _initAction() {
  $this->loadLayout()
   ->_setActiveMenu('web/items')
   ->_addBreadcrumb(Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Items Manager'), Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Item Manager'));

  return $this;
 }   

 public function indexAction() {
  $this->_initAction()
   ->renderLayout();
 }

 public function editAction() {
  $id     = $this->getRequest()->getParam('id');
  $model  = Mage::getModel('web/web')->load($id);

  if ($model->getId() || $id == 0) {
   $data = Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->getFormData(true);
   if (!empty($data)) {
    $model->setData($data);
   }

   Mage::register('web_data', $model);

   $this->loadLayout();
   $this->_setActiveMenu('web/items');

   $this->_addBreadcrumb(Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Item Manager'), Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Item Manager'));
   $this->_addBreadcrumb(Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Item News'), Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Item News'));

   $this->getLayout()->getBlock('head')->setCanLoadExtJs(true);

   $this->_addContent($this->getLayout()->createBlock('web/adminhtml_web_edit'))
    ->_addLeft($this->getLayout()->createBlock('web/adminhtml_web_edit_tabs'));

   $this->renderLayout();
  } else {
   Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addError(Mage::helper('web')->__('Item does not exist'));
   $this->_redirect('*/*/');
  }
 }

 public function newAction() {
  $this->_forward('edit');
 }

 public function saveAction() {
  if ($data = $this->getRequest()->getPost()) {

   if(isset($_FILES['filename']['name']) && $_FILES['filename']['name'] != '') {
    try { 
     /* Starting upload */ 
     $uploader = new Varien_File_Uploader('filename');

     // Any extention would work
              $uploader->setAllowedExtensions(array('jpg','jpeg','gif','png'));
     $uploader->setAllowRenameFiles(false);

     // Set the file upload mode 
     // false -> get the file directly in the specified folder
     // true -> get the file in the product like folders 
     // (file.jpg will go in something like /media/f/i/file.jpg)
     $uploader->setFilesDispersion(false);

     // We set media as the upload dir
     $path = Mage::getBaseDir('media') . DS ;
     $uploader->save($path, $_FILES['filename']['name'] );

    } catch (Exception $e) {

          }

          //this way the name is saved in DB
      $data['filename'] = $_FILES['filename']['name'];
   }

   $model = Mage::getModel('web/web');  
   $model->setData($data)
    ->setId($this->getRequest()->getParam('id'));

   try {
    if ($model->getCreatedTime == NULL || $model->getUpdateTime() == NULL) {
     $model->setCreatedTime(now())
      ->setUpdateTime(now());
    } else {
     $model->setUpdateTime(now());
    } 

    $model->save();
    Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addSuccess(Mage::helper('web')->__('Item was successfully saved'));
    Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->setFormData(false);

    if ($this->getRequest()->getParam('back')) {
     $this->_redirect('*/*/edit', array('id' => $model->getId()));
     return;
    }
    $this->_redirect('*/*/');
    return;
            } catch (Exception $e) {
                Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addError($e->getMessage());
                Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->setFormData($data);
                $this->_redirect('*/*/edit', array('id' => $this->getRequest()->getParam('id')));
                return;
            }
        }
        Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addError(Mage::helper('web')->__('Unable to find item to save'));
        $this->_redirect('*/*/');
 }

 public function deleteAction() {
  if( $this->getRequest()->getParam('id') > 0 ) {
   try {
    $model = Mage::getModel('web/web');

    $model->setId($this->getRequest()->getParam('id'))
     ->delete();

    Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addSuccess(Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Item was successfully deleted'));
    $this->_redirect('*/*/');
   } catch (Exception $e) {
    Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addError($e->getMessage());
    $this->_redirect('*/*/edit', array('id' => $this->getRequest()->getParam('id')));
   }
  }
  $this->_redirect('*/*/');
 }

    public function massDeleteAction() {
        $webIds = $this->getRequest()->getParam('web');
        if(!is_array($webIds)) {
   Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addError(Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Please select item(s)'));
        } else {
            try {
                foreach ($webIds as $webId) {
                    $web = Mage::getModel('web/web')->load($webId);
                    $web->delete();
                }
                Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addSuccess(
                    Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__(
                        'Total of %d record(s) were successfully deleted', count($webIds)
                    )
                );
            } catch (Exception $e) {
                Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addError($e->getMessage());
            }
        }
        $this->_redirect('*/*/index');
    }

    public function massStatusAction()
    {
        $webIds = $this->getRequest()->getParam('web');
        if(!is_array($webIds)) {
            Mage::getSingleton('adminhtml/session')->addError($this->__('Please select item(s)'));
        } else {
            try {
                foreach ($webIds as $webId) {
                    $web = Mage::getSingleton('web/web')
                        ->load($webId)
                        ->setStatus($this->getRequest()->getParam('status'))
                        ->setIsMassupdate(true)
                        ->save();
                }
                $this->_getSession()->addSuccess(
                    $this->__('Total of %d record(s) were successfully updated', count($webIds))
                );
            } catch (Exception $e) {
                $this->_getSession()->addError($e->getMessage());
            }
        }
        $this->_redirect('*/*/index');
    }

    protected function _sendUploadResponse($fileName, $content, $contentType='application/octet-stream')
    {
        $response = $this->getResponse();
        $response->setHeader('HTTP/1.1 200 OK','');
        $response->setHeader('Pragma', 'public', true);
        $response->setHeader('Cache-Control', 'must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0', true);
        $response->setHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename='.$fileName);
        $response->setHeader('Last-Modified', date('r'));
        $response->setHeader('Accept-Ranges', 'bytes');
        $response->setHeader('Content-Length', strlen($content));
        $response->setHeader('Content-type', $contentType);
        $response->setBody($content);
        $response->sendResponse();
        die;
    }
}


Step 5:
Write the frontend block file in app\code\local\Company\Web\Block\Web.php

<?php
class Company_Web_Block_Web extends Mage_Core_Block_Template
{
 public function _prepareLayout()
    {
  return parent::_prepareLayout();
    }

     public function getWeb()     
     { 
        if (!$this->hasData('web')) {
            $this->setData('web', Mage::registry('web'));
        }
        return $this->getData('web');

    }
}


Step 6: Now write the following file- app\code\local\Company\Web\Block\Adminhtml\Web.php

<?php
class Company_Web_Block_Adminhtml_Web extends Mage_Adminhtml_Block_Widget_Grid_Container
{
  public function __construct()
  {
    $this->_controller = 'adminhtml_web';
    $this->_blockGroup = 'web';
    $this->_headerText = Mage::helper('web')->__('Item Manager');
    $this->_addButtonLabel = Mage::helper('web')->__('Add Item');
    parent::__construct();
  }
}

Step 7: Now write the following file- app\code\local\Company\Web\Block\Adminhtml\Web\Grid.php

<?php

class Company_Web_Block_Adminhtml_Web_Grid extends Mage_Adminhtml_Block_Widget_Grid
{
  public function __construct()
  {
      parent::__construct();
      $this->setId('webGrid');
      $this->setDefaultSort('web_id');
      $this->setDefaultDir('ASC');
      $this->setSaveParametersInSession(true);
  }

  protected function _prepareCollection()
  {
      $collection = Mage::getModel('web/web')->getCollection();
      $this->setCollection($collection);
      return parent::_prepareCollection();
  }

  protected function _prepareColumns()
  {
      $this->addColumn('web_id', array(
          'header'    => Mage::helper('web')->__('ID'),
          'align'     =>'right',
          'width'     => '50px',
          'index'     => 'web_id',
      ));

      $this->addColumn('title', array(
          'header'    => Mage::helper('web')->__('Title'),
          'align'     =>'left',
          'index'     => 'title',
      ));

   /*
      $this->addColumn('content', array(
   'header'    => Mage::helper('web')->__('Item Content'),
   'width'     => '150px',
   'index'     => 'content',
      ));
   */

      $this->addColumn('status', array(
          'header'    => Mage::helper('web')->__('Status'),
          'align'     => 'left',
          'width'     => '80px',
          'index'     => 'status',
          'type'      => 'options',
          'options'   => array(
              1 => 'Enabled',
              2 => 'Disabled',
          ),
      ));

        $this->addColumn('action',
            array(
                'header'    =>  Mage::helper('web')->__('Action'),
                'width'     => '100',
                'type'      => 'action',
                'getter'    => 'getId',
                'actions'   => array(
                    array(
                        'caption'   => Mage::helper('web')->__('Edit'),
                        'url'       => array('base'=> '*/*/edit'),
                        'field'     => 'id'
                    )
                ),
                'filter'    => false,
                'sortable'  => false,
                'index'     => 'stores',
                'is_system' => true,
        ));

  $this->addExportType('*/*/exportCsv', Mage::helper('web')->__('CSV'));
  $this->addExportType('*/*/exportXml', Mage::helper('web')->__('XML'));

      return parent::_prepareColumns();
  }

    protected function _prepareMassaction()
    {
        $this->setMassactionIdField('web_id');
        $this->getMassactionBlock()->setFormFieldName('web');

        $this->getMassactionBlock()->addItem('delete', array(
             'label'    => Mage::helper('web')->__('Delete'),
             'url'      => $this->getUrl('*/*/massDelete'),
             'confirm'  => Mage::helper('web')->__('Are you sure?')
        ));

        $statuses = Mage::getSingleton('web/status')->getOptionArray();

        array_unshift($statuses, array('label'=>'', 'value'=>''));
        $this->getMassactionBlock()->addItem('status', array(
             'label'=> Mage::helper('web')->__('Change status'),
             'url'  => $this->getUrl('*/*/massStatus', array('_current'=>true)),
             'additional' => array(
                    'visibility' => array(
                         'name' => 'status',
                         'type' => 'select',
                         'class' => 'required-entry',
                         'label' => Mage::helper('web')->__('Status'),
                         'values' => $statuses
                     )
             )
        ));
        return $this;
    }

  public function getRowUrl($row)
  {
      return $this->getUrl('*/*/edit', array('id' => $row->getId()));
  }

}


Step 8: Now write the following file- app\code\local\Company\Web\Block\Adminhtml\Web\Edit.php

<php
class Company_Web_Block_Adminhtml_Web_Edit extends Mage_Adminhtml_Block_Widget_Form_Container
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        parent::__construct();

        $this->_objectId = 'id';
        $this->_blockGroup = 'web';
        $this->_controller = 'adminhtml_web';

        $this->_updateButton('save', 'label', Mage::helper('web')->__('Save Item'));
        $this->_updateButton('delete', 'label', Mage::helper('web')->__('Delete Item'));

        $this->_addButton('saveandcontinue', array(
            'label'     => Mage::helper('adminhtml')->__('Save And Continue Edit'),
            'onclick'   => 'saveAndContinueEdit()',
            'class'     => 'save',
        ), -100);

        $this->_formScripts[] = "
            function toggleEditor() {
                if (tinyMCE.getInstanceById('web_content') == null) {
                    tinyMCE.execCommand('mceAddControl', false, 'web_content');
                } else {
                    tinyMCE.execCommand('mceRemoveControl', false, 'web_content');
                }
            }

            function saveAndContinueEdit(){
                editForm.submit($('edit_form').action+'back/edit/');
            }
        ";
    }

    public function getHeaderText()
    {
        if( Mage::registry('web_data') && Mage::registry('web_data')->getId() ) {
            return Mage::helper('web')->__("Edit Item '%s'", $this->htmlEscape(Mage::registry('web_data')->getTitle()));
        } else {
            return Mage::helper('web')->__('Add Item');
        }
    }
}

Step 9:
Create the config file as app\code\local\Company\Web\etc\config.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config>
    <modules>
        <Company_Web>
            <version>0.1.0</version>
        </Company_Web>
    </modules>
    <frontend>
        <routers>
            <web>
                <use>standard</use>
                <args>
                    <module>Company_Web</module>
                    <frontName>web</frontName>
                </args>
            </web>
        </routers>
        <layout>
            <updates>
                <web>
                    <file>web.xml</file>
                </web>
            </updates>
        </layout>
    </frontend>
    <admin>
        <routers>
   <web>
    <use>admin</use>
    <args>
     <module>Company_Web</module>
     <frontName>web</frontName>
    </args>
   </web>
        </routers>
    </admin>
    <adminhtml>
  <menu>
   <web module="web">
    <title>Web</title>
    <sort_order>71</sort_order>               
    <children>
     <items module="web">
      <title>Manage Items</title>
      <sort_order>0</sort_order>
      <action>web/adminhtml_web</action>
     </items>
    </children>
   </web>
  </menu>
  <acl>
   <resources>
    <all>
     <title>Allow Everything</title>
    </all>
    <admin>
     <children>
      <Company_Web>
       <title>Web Module</title>
       <sort_order>10</sort_order>
      </Company_Web>
     </children>
    </admin>
   </resources>
  </acl>
  <layout>
   <updates>
    <web>
     <file>web.xml</file>
    </web>
   </updates>
  </layout>
    </adminhtml>   
    <global>
        <models>
            <web>
                <class>Company_Web_Model</class>
                <resourceModel>web_mysql4</resourceModel>
            </web>
            <web_mysql4>
                <class>Company_Web_Model_Mysql4</class>
                <entities>
                    <web>
                        <table>web</table>
                    </web>
                </entities>
            </web_mysql4>
        </models>
        <resources>
            <web_setup>
                <setup>
                    <module>Company_Web</module>
                </setup>
                <connection>
                    <use>core_setup</use>
                </connection>
            </web_setup>
            <web_write>
                <connection>
                    <use>core_write</use>
                </connection>
            </web_write>
            <web_read>
                <connection>
                    <use>core_read</use>
                </connection>
            </web_read>
        </resources>
        <blocks>
            <web>
                <class>Company_Web_Block</class>
            </web>
        </blocks>
        <helpers>
            <web>
                <class>Company_Web_Helper</class>
            </web>
        </helpers>
    </global>
</config>

Step 10: Now write the helper class app\code\local\Company\Web\Helper\Data.php

<?php

class Company_Web_Helper_Data extends Mage_Core_Helper_Abstract
{

}


Step 11: Create the model class for your module app\code\local\Company\Web\Model\Web.php

<?php

class Company_Web_Model_Web extends Mage_Core_Model_Abstract
{
    public function _construct()
    {
        parent::_construct();
        $this->_init('web/web');
    }
}


Step 12: Now create app\code\local\Company\Web\Model\Mysql4\Web.php

<?php
class Company_Web_Model_Mysql4_Web extends Mage_Core_Model_Mysql4_Abstract
{
    public function _construct()
    {    
        // Note that the web_id refers to the key field in your database table.
        $this->_init('web/web', 'web_id');
    }
}


Step 13: Now create the collection class app\code\local\Company\Web\Model\Mysql4\Web\Collection.php

<?php

class Company_Web_Model_Mysql4_Web_Collection extends Mage_Core_Model_Mysql4_Collection_Abstract
{
    public function _construct()
    {
        parent::_construct();
        $this->_init('web/web');
    }
}


Step 14: Now add the mysql setup file as app\code\local\Company\Web\sql\web_setup\mysql4-install-0.1.0.php

<?php

$installer = $this;

$installer->startSetup();

$installer->run("

-- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS {$this->getTable('web')};
CREATE TABLE {$this->getTable('web')} (
  `web_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `title` varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  `filename` varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  `content` text NOT NULL default '',
  `status` smallint(6) NOT NULL default '0',
  `created_time` datetime NULL,
  `update_time` datetime NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`web_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

    ");

$installer->endSetup();


Step 15: Add the layout.xml as app\design\frontend\default\default\layout\web.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<layout version="0.1.0">
    <default>
    </default>
    <web_index_index>
        <reference name="content">
            <block type="web/web" name="web" template="web/web.phtml" />
        </reference>
    </web_index_index>
</layout>


Step 16: Now write the following file- app\design\adminhtml\default\default\layout\web.xml

<<?xml version="1.0"?>
<layout version="0.1.0">
    <web_adminhtml_web_index>
        <reference name="content">
            <block type="web/adminhtml_web" name="web" />
        </reference>
    </web_adminhtml_web_index>
</layout>


Step 17: Finally create the template file of your module app\design\frontend\default\default\template\web\web.phtml

<table border=”0″ cellpadding=”10″ cellspacing=”10″ width=”100%”>
<tr><td colspan=”5″ align=”center”><h1>Custom Module In Magento </h1></td></tr>
<?php
//$w = Mage::getSingleton(‘core/resource’)->getConnection(‘core_write’);

$resource   = Mage::getSingleton(‘core/resource’);
$conn       = $resource->getConnection(‘externaldb_read’);
$results    = $conn->query(‘SELECT * FROM web’);
// print_r($results)
//$row = $results->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
$i=1;
while ($row = $results->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC))
{ ?>
<tr>
<td><p><img src=”<?php echo $this->getUrl(‘media/’)  ?><?php echo $row['filename']; ?>” style=”float:left; margin:10px;” width=”100″ height=”100″ />
<strong>Name  = <?php echo ucwords($row['title']); ?></strong> <br/>
<strong>Description :- </strong>
<?php echo $row['content']; ?>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<?php } ?>
</table>